Typhoid Fever
Cause by S. typhi
Human is the only known reservoirs.
Incubation is 10-14 days.
Colonize in small intestine and peyer’s patches Lymphatics Blood Reticuloendothelial system.
Clinical features
Headache is one main symptom.
Fever – gradually increase.
Constipation (diarrhoea later)
Splenomegaly.
Complications
Pneumonia
Meningitis
Intestinal perforation, intestinal hemorrhage.
Treatment
Chloramphenicol
Ciprofloxine
Typhoid Carriers
Chronic carriers – at least one year.
Convalescent carriers.
Prevention
Safe drinking water, good hygiene of those who handle food.
Vaccine – short term, not full protection.