Hepatitis
Viral hepatitis – hepatitis A and hepatitis B.
Hep A – common type, faecal-oral spread.
Hep B – spread via intravenous route.
Hepatitis A
Picornaviruse group virus.
Can be epidemics.
Excreted in faeces – 14 days before illness up to 7 days after.
No carrier state.
Hepatitis A – Clinical features
Preicteric /prodromal phase – upto 2 weeks.
Vomiting, diarrhoea, anorexia, headache, malaise, mild fever, liver tender (not enlarge).
After 1-2 weeks – icteric/jaundice
Feel batter.
liver enlarge.
Can be extrahepatic complication - arthritis, vasculitis…etc
Can lead to sever hepatitis and die.
Investigations
Liver biochemistry –
Bilirubin in urine.
Urobilinogen increase.
AST increase.
Viral markers – antibody to Hep A virus.
Treatment
No specific treatment.
Usually need not to admitted to hospital.
Prevention
Good hygiene.
Virus is resistance to chlorination, but kill with boiling water for 10 min.
Immunization
Active – people who travel to endemic area.
Passive – Immunoglobulin – person at risk.