Acute Medicine
Fluid/blood replacement
Blood – in haemorrhagic shock
Complication – temperature change, coagulation defect, metabolic acidosis/alkalosis,
Red cell concentration
Crystalloid solutions – saline,
Colloidal solution – Dextrans, albumin,
Oxygen delivery to tissue
Can monitor by p02 or pulse-oximetry.
Heart rate and stroke volume.
Gas exchange in the lungs – airway obstruction, restriction…etc.
Mechanical ventilation
Intermittent positive-pressure ventilation – commonly use
Indicate
Acute respiratory failure – asthma
Acute ventilatory failure – myasthenia gravis
Head injury
Trauma in the chest
Coma with breathing difficulties